Most of us might know the answer to the question. But for them who does not know yet, here is a small right up, which might help you to get a better understanding about the back end.
The framework on which Lightning runs is “Aura”….
What is Aura?
Aura is a UI framework for developing dynamic web apps for mobile and desktop devices. Aura provides a scalable long-lived life-cycle to support building apps engineered for growth.
Aura supports partitioned multi-tier component development that bridges the client and server. It uses JavaScript on the client side and Java on the server side.
Why use Aura?
Aura comes with a rich and extensible component set to kick start building apps. You don’t have to spend your time optimizing your apps for different devices as the components take care of that for you.
The framework intelligently utilizes your server, browser, devices, and network so you can focus on the logic and interactions of your apps
You can refer to http://documentation.auraframework.org/auradocs for more information
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